第十三修正案

看完我真的觉得心里好沉重。奴隶制废除之后继而出现了私刑，种族隔离，二等公民，大规模监禁……奴隶制从未消失过，它只是以不同的形式迭代出现，就像一个不死的病毒一样反复变异。它成为了资本家获利的工具，成为了白人满足自尊的途径。他们永远无法翻身，永远不知道接下来哪一天自己会突然被关进监狱成为免费劳动力或者突然被杀死。他们的生命永远比别的人更脆弱……不仅如此，他们还被打造成罪犯的样子，他们被勾勒成强奸犯、抢劫犯、杀人犯的样子。他们的形象让人不寒而栗，让人自动与他们隔离，让人看到就想报警，想消灭。而国家法律又恰恰让白人可以以“自我防卫”为由杀死别人，于是杀死他们成为了警察们和白人们无须负任何法律责任的猎杀游戏。如果不被杀死呢？那么有1/3的概率他们会被以或大或小莫须有的罪名关进监狱，等待他们的是“要么承认罪名获刑三年，要么参与审判获刑三十年”抑或者“付一万美金获得保释”的选择。

我们喊着“black lives matter”，但我们永远无法与他们悲观相通，我们永远体会不到他们的恐惧和愤怒。

零零散散的时间里看完这部纪录片，跨越了一整年，在第一次点开时，George Floyed还没有被警察按在地上窒息而死，还没有发生接二连三涉及种族歧视的枪击案。

这本纪录片回答了一个困扰我很久的问题，

美国警察为什么拥有如此大的权力？为什么暴力执法引起了如此普遍的民怨却始终没有执法改革？

The police, is only one part of the Criminal Justice System, which promotes mass incarcination. 大规模监禁，使得警察能够更轻易地将街上的黑人，判定为“criminal”并投进监狱里。

为什么会有大规模监禁呢？

The answer to this is firstly, this policy was set in the 1960s-70s, when at that time, crime rate set the record. In order to curtail this and maintian social order, the White House increase the policy force.

Secondly, this is opperated by capitalism. When the prison was privorized. the politicians are persuaded to put more people into the prison, as the larger number of the prisoner is , the more porfit individualed prison will make. In this case, punishment on the criminals is the source of the income. And thus, inmates are not treated as human in prison, where they are fed with bad meal, faced with punch and unexpected violence, deprived of the sensation and emotion. They are dehumanized.

Behind the harsh criminal legislation, is the unbalanced proportion of black criminal. Everyone in three black man will be in prison some time during their life. Is this because they have the criminal tendancy? Or is this because they have been suffering prejudice for a long time? I believe, is the latter.

大规模监禁的alternatives是什么？

Commnity supervison? This is more bleak. As the prisoners themselves said, they would be more discriminated and wearing invisible carb everywhere.

除了黑人群体，这部纪录片还关注了一个人群——美洲移民。

There is a special word created for this -- crimigation, literally meaning every migrate is casually or purposely regarded as potentially criminal. Thousands of them were put into the prison, told it is just "temporary detention", which turned out to be an euphemism of " imprisonment".

在监狱的高墙背后发生着什么？

Violence, violence from your mates, from guards. Rains of punches that would make you unconsious, that would fall on you out of blue.

Solidarity. It's hard to say whether those people could tell what is the taste of solidarity. What would the life be, for a teenager, kept in the single-room for fourteen years? No window, a room which is just fit for you to lie down. 14 years, the only one who might communicate with you, is your guard. Could he keep hope and sensation? Could you, if you were him?

Darkness. Not everyone in prison is criminal. They could be the one who is deprived of the opportunity to be trialed. There is a term to describe this--" plea bargain" .

我们的时代是在一直进步，越来越好的吗？

While lots of people acknowledge how brutal the slavery system was, how inhumane the Black were treated in the last century, we tend to be blind from what is happening behind the bars. It is undenying that the racial justice is advancing, but there is a long way to go. We should be aware of what is happening in somewhere unseen.

Civil movement; rhetoric into increasing crime; criminalizing the black; drug issue is treated as a crime instead of a health issue

Coin the term

War on drugs

Reagan turn the literal term into reality => mass incarceration; takes the problem of economic inequality, hyper-segregation in American cities and the problem of drug abuse and criminalize all of that in the form of drug

Generation of education

Crack cocaine is cheaper therefore more prevalent in coloured community. By putting harsher sentencing on crack cocaine, black are persecuted harsher.

Increasing spending on law enforcement (policing, jails); more funding militarization of police department

Media outlet portrays the black as super predators, and it is effective. Generation of black grows up in this rhetoric. Black parents support policies that discriminate their own children

War on drug is essentially war on coloured community

It is a political strategy

Play on law and order, and fear of crimes

Southern strategy

Educate a public for years, decades to believe that black is dangerous, and black also believes that.

Won election around the fear on the black

Deliberately depicting the black as criminals

Primitive American fear; a staple of white imagination

“Being tough on crime” political environment forces democrat to take the same stances and take a more centrist stance

Considerations over Circumstances around a case are overlooked; prosecutors> judges

Black panthers

Black leaders were came after “stripe out a whole generation with leadership”. Black is vulnerable and unable to protect themselves

Fred Hampton

Companies that make money off mass incarceration => incentives to lobby policies to put money in prisons.

Inmates become cheap labour and work for big corporations

Too poor to get out; can’t pay the bail

Most people chose not to go to trails. Pleading guilty to crimes they didn’t commit just because the thought of going to jail for what the mandatory minimums are is so excruciating

If you exercise that right to a trial, and you are convicted, we will punish you more.

Punished him for having the audacity to not take a plea deal and to want to take it to trial

Take that plea and commit to something you didn’t do?

Once in jail, lose the right to vote

Historically, when one looks at efforts to create reforms, they inevitably lead to more repression.

Throughout American history, African American has repeatedly bee controlled through systems of racial and social control that appear to die but then are reborn that tailored to the needs and constraints of the time

Mass criminalization and incarceration

To ignore that racial heritage, to ignore that historical context means that you can’t have an informed debate about the current state of blacks and police relationships today cause this didn’t just appear out of nothing. This is the product of a centuries-long historical process

9/10分析得太好了。别问我什么是嘻哈介绍来的，理解了为什么美国黑人“犯罪率高”了。

从历史角度分析了奴隶制没有结束，只是通过了更多所谓看起来正当的法律所庇护下所保护，所进化，甚至升级。第十三条修正案里所谓的任何人都不能被奴役，除了犯罪的人。所以之后的政客以尼克松为首利用了黑人依靠毒品交易苟活而造成所谓的社会问题为噱头颁布了“毒品战争”。持续对黑人，黑豹党进行长久的打击，所以这就是美国的囚犯率会持高不下的原因。ALEC，aka美国立法交流委员会，这个披着政治外衣的资本组织的丑恶嘴脸简直是被揭示地淋漓尽致。政治组织与企业的勾搭，政治组织负责源源不断地输送黑人罪犯进监狱作为劳动力为企业提供劳动生产，谁又能想到监狱居然也能成为一种生意，ALEC在一边履行各州需要私立监狱必须满员的规定获利的同时，又与企业勾搭获得更多的利润。这看似“三赢”的局面导致最后受伤的只有以黑人为首的有色人种。所以，所谓黑人犯罪率高这一事实只不过是被捏造的，黑人只占美国人口的6%，可监狱里1/3的罪犯都是黑人，他们很多没有犯罪，或只犯了“流浪罪”，为了种族隔离、加强人种歧视，美国监狱的人口由1980年的51万3900人激增到2014年的230万6200人。而这其中许多人，根本没有犯罪。2012年的特雷沃恩马丁被枪杀事件彻底激起了BLM运动，有趣的是，时任美国总统奥巴马，作为第一位黑裔总统，却并没有带来美国种族问题上的解决。

从种植园经济，到3K党，种族隔离，“毒品战争”，美国的种族歧视问题依然没有得到彻底的解决，法律一直在不断被颁布，可问题的核心—有色人种，却依然饱受痛苦与煎熬。

3K党没有消失，他在持续发展。

我不是一个爱思考这些事的人，因为容易陷入绝望，还想不出一个结果。

虽然我没有作为一个黑人女孩出生，但是同样在一个被不看好的弱势群体里面，如果让我思考我们的平权运动，我们被大多数人的误解，我都同样绝望。

也许让人最绝望的地方在于，似乎在1865年的时候奴隶被解放，但是修正案里面原文“except as a punishment for crime... ”我看到这里的第一反应是为什么在学校里学习美国历史的时候从来没有提到过黑奴被解放之后的这样一个法律漏洞，是老师觉得不好讲吗？还是为了考试，把不好讲的部分省略了？从一开始南方的农田里因为仍然需要人力来劳作而以各种莫须有的理由给好不容易得到一丝喘息的曾经的农奴定罪，到更加猖狂的KKK，电影里对黑人负面的诠释甚至被总统亲自放在白宫里观看，到segregation，jim crow，尼克松的war on drugs，里根的3x，监狱及其相关的私有化，现在Trump像条吃不饱的凶猛动物一样。这些白人从来都没有瞧得起过他们啊。什么时候才真的能让他们有喘息的机会，能让他们来好好的带孩子，教孩子们梦想，给新一代们新的希望呢？

之前看Orange is the New Black的时候也虽然完全能看到监狱产业里面的利益链，也...如果一定要逼着自己去试图理解的话：“反正他们是罪犯，从他们身上多刮一点油水估计也没什么吧？”。如果没有看过这部纪录片的话，也许部分我的内心是可以理解的，毕竟商业就是为了利益最大化，情感，人性，有什么用呢，对吧？

太让人痛心了啊。就好像一百五十年来，什么都没有被改变一样。

他们的希望，在哪里呢？

而对于我自己而言，出门在外，如果夜晚在人很少的地铁上，而那边正坐着黑人乘客的话，我不得不承认内心里是稍有恐惧的。而这些恐惧正式过去一百多年以来白人为主的美国社会在呈现的“政治正确”的一次又一次暗示的力量，新闻上的availability bias，明明近几年的犯罪数据里白人占总的强奸案例的68%，黑人还不到30%，但是从总人口上看，犯罪率... 的确还是让人担忧的啊。

即便如此，看完这部片子之后尽管内心绝望，但是我能带来的多一点改变就是以后尽量试图去用理性来减少自己对这个族群的偏见吧，即使第一反应是要走开或者躲开，但是，希望自己的心里能有另一个声音出来，告诉自己“他们和我一样”，因为，尽管绝望，博尔赫斯说过的吧：“如果我在撒哈拉的这里捡起一把沙子，走到另一处，放下来，我就是改变了撒哈拉沙漠。”如果只是我一个人内心的意识的小的改变，希望世界也会是个更好的地方吧。

Three Ks two As in AMERIKKKAN, I’m just a black spade spawn out the nebula. 300 plus years of them cold shoulders, yet 300 millions of us still got no focus. #blacklivesmatter is not a phenomenon stoppable by a bullet or anything else. When black lives matter, everybody’s life matters, including every single person that enters the criminal justice system and prison industrial complex.